一、教学内容
语言学习策略是2003年我在澳大利亚新南威尔士大学攻读硕士学位的研究课题。在查阅文摘的基础上, 我选取最全面、详尽且易于培训的 Rebecca L.Oxford 的策略, 对学生进行策略培训。由于教学时间和学生接受能力的限制,我仅从Oxford 的62种策略中选择一些较典型的策略来培训学生。同时,增加一些具体的培训实例以求完善策略的完整性。培训每周进行一次,每次教学控制在半个课时左右的时间内完成对一种学习策略的培训。
本课时的教学主要以 Rebecca L.Oxford 在语言学习策略记忆策略中创立心理连接下的子策略“Grouping(分组法)”为内容。
二、教学目标
1.语言知识目标
(1)学会什么是学习方式、学习技能和学习策略以及它们之间的区别。
(2)知道语言学习策略在语言学习中的重要作用。
(3)知道什么是“分组法”。
2. 能力目标
(1)学会区分学习方式、学习技能和学习策略。
(2)会运用“分组法”。
3. 情感目标
使学生轻松容易愉快地学英语,从而喜欢学英语。
三、教学设计
1. 总体思路
本节课有两个教学目标:(1)知道什么是语言学习策略和它们在英语学习中的重要作用;(2)掌握“分组法”。前一个目标是后一个目标的铺垫,学生只有认识到语言学习策略在学英语中的重要性,才会积极地参加策略培训。
因此,本课时的具体培训方法如下:第一步,教师布置一个任务,学生完成后对他们所采用的策略进行评价,指出每种策略的优点和不足,启发学生探求更优的策略。第二步,引入本节课的学习策略,引导学生将其与之前自己采用的策略进行比较,发现“分组法”在完成上述任务时具有的优越性。第三步,教师布置新任务,鼓励学生运用“分组法”解决问题,并详细描述完成任务的过程,以巩固所学策略。第四步,通过小组讨论,学生举例说明“分组法”的运用,使所学策略产生迁移。第五步,学生对本节课所学的策略进行评价并提出改进的建议。第六步,小结本次培训的策略,预习下一个培训策略。
整个培训过程围绕着“分组法”展开,层层递进,环环相扣,过渡自然。一切以学生为中心,探究学习、自主学习和合作学习贯穿始终。采用任务型教学法,使学生在完成任务的同时,培养其综合运用语言的能力,感受学习的成功和快乐。另外,强调学生成为评价的主体,使评价和培训同时进行,既使学生学会评价,成为评价的主人,又使他们通过评价发现自己原来策略的局限性和不科学性,以及新策略的有效性,从而喜欢参加培训并立志掌握每一种策略,最终帮助他们轻松学好英语。
2.教学过程与方式
Step 1. Make students know the final goal of their learning English at high school is to improve the comprehensive abilities of their using English.
学生小组讨论、汇报:
1. How to show that you have a good command (掌握) of English?
2. What is the final goal of your learning English according to the new curriculum (新课标) and the new textbooks as a senior middle school student?
3. What do the comprehensive abilities of using English (综合运用英语的能力) conclude?
4. Are language learning strategies important in English learning? Why?
设计说明:
使学生了解高中阶段学英语的最终目的,明白语言学习策略和它在语言学习上所起的重要作用,并对策略培训产生学习的兴趣和动力。
Step 2. Tell students what is a language learning style, a language learning skill and a language learning strategy and know the differences among them.
学生小组讨论并汇报:
1. Do you know what is called a language learning skill? Can you give an example?
2. Do you know what is called a language learning strategy? Can you give an example?
3. Do you know what is called a language learning style? Can you give an example?
4. What are the differences between a language learning strategy, a language learning skill and a language learning style? Give examples to show us.
设计说明:
使学生能区分学习方式、学习技能和学习策略,为培训学习策略作好铺垫。
Step 3. Students learn the twelve words by themselves.
1. 请学生说一说自己记忆下列单词的方法。
hot, hard, fire, cool, easy, kind, ice, cold, warm, cruel, difficult, soft
2.Evaluate students' strategies.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the strategies you have used?
Is it effective?
3. Can you think of a better strategy to learn the twelve words by heart in a minute?
设计说明:
引出学生们所用过的策略,使学生学会如何评价一种学习策略,并激发他们探求更优的学习策略。
Step 4. Learn the strategy "grouping"(分组法)
1. 启发学生发现12个单词间的相互联系——两两互为反义词。
2.引导学生成对地记住6组12个单词。
3. 促使学生将“分组法”和此前自己采用的方法进行比较,指出其优越性和有效性。
设计说明:
使学生了解“分组法”,并认识到它的有效性和优越性。
Step 5. Practise the strategy "Grouping".
Task 1:出示15个单词,要求学生运用“分组法”记忆。
教师出示单词:you, gentle, quickly, friendly, he, completely, she, they, heatedly, generous, someone, mean, sincerely, fantastic, calmly,要求学生描述自己的记忆过程。教师讲解。将上述单词按照代词、形容词和副词分成三组进行记忆。
Task 2: How to group the words of Unit 5 Book 7 (New Senior English for China)
1. Students' strategies.
2. Introduce the teacher's way: Put them into two groups, namely "Travel abroad" and "Study abroad". Then make meaningful contexts to connect all the two groups of words respectively.
Travel abroad:
如果你想出国旅行 (travel abroad),必须找一个旅游公司 (travel agent) 并确定目的地 (destination)。之后,办好护照 (passport) 并获得签证 (visa) 就可以登机 ( go boarding) 出发了。到了国外,不可能像在家一样感到自在 (feel at home)。你只好安慰 (comfort) 和调整自己 (adjust to),以适应 (fit in) 和习惯 (get used to) 当地的生活。旅游时,时间一般安排得非常紧 (occupy),你没办法控制 (govern) 自己的时间。出国旅行人们往往喜欢购物,购物时一定要抓住机会和店主 (shopkeeper) 说英语来提高自己的口语。
If you want to travel abroad, you have to find a travel agent and make your destination clear. After that, you will get your passport and visa ready so that you can go boarding. After you arrive in another country, you can't feel at home and you have to comfort yourself and adjust to living in another country. Besides, you have to fit in with the new environment and get use to the local life. When you are traveling, your time is usually occupied and you can't govern it by yourself. Usually people like shopping when they are traveling abroad. However, when you are shopping, do remember to catch the chance to speak English with the shopkeepers to improve your oral English.
Study abroad:
据我所知 (as far as one is concerned),如果你想出国留学 (study abroad),必须先有计划/事业心 (enterprise),并满怀希望 (hopefully)自己能成功 (succeed) 出去。要想达到目的 (achieve one's goal),,你必须达到国外的学科 (academic) 和英语水平要求 (requirements)。所以,你必须做好充分的准备 (preparation)。如果成绩不好,你得请家庭教师 (tutor) 并多听讲座 (lecture)。如果你想进名校和获得奖学金 (scholarship),你必须有资深(qualification) 的老师推荐 (recommend)。你的推荐信必须是原件 (original)。如果是作为代替品 (substitute) 的复印件,你必须请推荐人在上面签字以确认 (acknowledge)。在国外安顿 (settle in) 好后,你必须努力学习,尽可能利用好大学图书馆充足的 (abundant) 资源,并注意借阅那些别人评价 (comment) 好的书。图书馆里有很多平行 (parallel) 排列的书桌椅,是学习的好地方。还有一件重要的事,你必须自己做饭菜,如果你想去学校的自助餐厅 (cafeteria) 吃饭,你会被那里昂贵的食物价格吓得目瞪口呆 (numb)。
As far as I am concerned, if you want to study abroad, you should have your enterprises. Hopefully you will succeed in going to study abroad. To achieve your goal, you should meet the needs of the academic and English requirements. Therefore, you should make full preparations. If your subjects are not good, you will have to get a tutor and go to attend a lot of lectures. If you want to go to a famous university, you will go to ask a few teachers with qualifications for recommendation. Your recommendation letter should be original and if it is a photocopy as a substitute, you should get the person's signature to make it be acknowledged. After you settle in the country, you must study hard and try to make full use of the abundant resources in the library and borrow the books with others' good comments. In the library, there are many parallel desks and chairs, and it is a good place to study. Another important thing is that you have to cook by yourself. If you go to a school cafeteria, you will be numb with shock at the high prices of the food there.
设计说明:
使学生会自己使用“分组法”。以实记高二英语第七册第五单元的32个单词为例,解决学生的现实问题,激发他们的学习积极性。
Step 6. Employ (运用) the strategy "Grouping"
使学生思考并回答下面的问题:
1. Have you ever used this strategy before?
2. Please think of an example of your using the strategy.
设计说明:
通过学生举例,使他们能够迁移所学的知识,进一步巩固所学策略。
Step 7. Evaluate (评价) the strategy "Grouping"
使学生思考并回答下面的问题:
1. Compare your old strategyand the new strategy, how do you like the new strategy "Grouping"?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of "Grouping"?
3. How can I make my training better? Please give advices.
设计说明:
通过评价,使学生进一步认识到学习策略在英语学习中发挥的重要作用。
Step 8. Summarize and prepare for the next strategy.
使学生思考并回答下面的问题:
1. Today we have learned the strategy "grouping", who can make a summary of it?
2. Do you have a strategy to learn "billboard, butcher, butterfly" by heart easily?
设计说明:
进一步巩固所学策略,引出下次课要培训的策略。
Step 9. Homework.
Review the lesson and master the strategy by applying it to your own tasks.
四、教学反思
1. 课堂实施的实际效果。刚开始,学生对语言学习策略不太了解,有些学生认为它和自己学英语没关系,甚至认为进行策略培训浪费时间,不想参与。在老师以十二个单词介绍“分组法”时,有的同学看不到“分组法”的好处,认为没有必要进行分组。等教师采用“分组法”帮助学生实记高二英语第七册第五单元的32个单词,解决学生的现实问题后,同学们参加培训的积极性高涨。
2. 教师的反思和收获。(1)教师要转变角色。在培训中,教师不再是中心,不再是指挥者,而是学生的帮助者和培训的促进者。培训过程是师生一起探索和实验,共同提高的过程。所以教师不能摆架子,要有亲和力,消除学生的恐惧心理,愿意和教师一道去进行探究学习、自主学习和合作学习。只有这样,才能使课堂变得生动活泼,充分发挥学生的创造性,从而使培训越来越吸引学生。(2)教师要改变教学方法,注意培训的实效性。起初,为了使学生对培训策略有一个整体认识,我尝试从整体上向学生介绍 Oxford 语言学习策略的六大类和它下面的子策略,结果发现学生被大量难懂的抽象概念和名目繁多的策略名称弄得晕头转向,心理上对策略培训产生畏难情绪和恐惧心理。针对上述情况,我改变培训方法,先教授学生几种非常有用的策略,让他们尝到甜头,然后,在适当的时候再向学生从整体上介绍Oxford语言学习策略的六大类和它下面的几大类的子策略。
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