以2007年广东高考英语试卷为例，具体说明《2008广东高考新题型专集》高考能力要求的具体体现。

一、完形填空应测试的能力

1. 总体能力要求

a. 要求考生通读全文、通篇考虑，掌握其大意，综合运用所学的词汇语法等知识，选出最佳选项填入空缺处，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。

b. 要求考生在解答完形填空题时，有时只需读懂考点所在的句子，有时则必须读懂邻近的句子，甚至是上一段或下一段的有关的内容。10个题的短文中，有5个题逾越句子层次才能选出正确选项。

c. 考查考生在特定的语境中运用词汇的能力，这是完形填空题考查的另一个重点。10个题全部考查实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词，基本比例是4个名词，3个动词，3个形容词和副词）的词汇意义和用法。2007年广东高考英语完形填空题：名词5个；动词2个；形容词2个；副词1个。

d. 考查考生掌握和运用惯用法、搭配、常识、逻辑推理的能力。

2. 考生答题时的能力要求

下面2007年广东高考英语为例，来具体分析该题对考生的能力要求。

[试题]

Wouldn't it be great if we didn't have to remember passwords (密码) ever again? If we could just sit in front of our computers and be  21  logged in (登录)? Crave mentions how NEC Soft Biode Logon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a  22. All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to  23  your PC. No more    24 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.

After doing a little research, I found this type of  25  already available to consumers via a relatively  26  application called Facecode. The  27  requires the use of a webcam to recognize and log PC users into their systems. You can add as many   28  as you want, provided they each have a Windows account. If the system   29  to recognize your  30 , you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key combination.

21. A. automatically        B. personally          C. correctly          D. occasionally

22. A. face                     B. password          C. software           D. system

23. A. access                 B. connect             C. recognize          D. remember

24. A. simple                 B. complicated        C. special              D. useful

25. A. computer             B. technology         C. password          D. application

26. A. independent          B. infrequent          C. inexpensive        D. instant

27. A. account               B. consumer           C. designer            D. software

28. A. users                  B. passwords          C. systems             D. computers

29. A. begins                 B. tries                   C. fails                   D. stops

30. A. account              B. name                  C. password           D. face

a. 从上下文的角度考虑

做完形填空题时，必须通读全文，因为只有通过上下文才能的出正确答案。

例如：第22题要求考生推断出：不使用什么就可以让你登录到Windows系统？根据上文信息词：第一句中的passwords (密码)；Crave提到NEC Soft Biode Logon系统是如何使用识别面孔技术而不是使用密码（password）来让你登录到Windows的。故第22选B。又如第24题选B。complicated（复杂的）和confusing（令人迷惑的）一起作定语修饰passwords。译文：再也不用记忆或每隔几个月就要改变一次的复杂而令人迷惑的密码了。这一句是对上文的总结，说明以前那种需要记忆密码方可登录上网的程序繁琐，密码复杂而又迷惑人。

b. 从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑

做词汇意义及用法的题目，要求考生必须有较大的词汇量，还应该能够结合上下文确定词义。例如：

第23题考查考生对动词的掌握情况，要求考生推断出：你需要实况直播网站(Webcam)和漂亮的面孔有什么用途？再比较4的选项的词义：access在这里用作及物动词，意思为“利用，使用”；connect“连接，衔接”，通常用一个衔接物，把两者衔接起来构成一个新的整体；recognize辨认出；remember记忆。译文：你所需要的一切就是一个实况直播网站(Webcam)和你的漂亮的面孔，以便你使用你的个人电脑（PC）。故第23题选A。

又如第26题考查考生对形容词的掌握情况。independent独立自主的；infrequent不经常的；inexpensive廉价的；instant立即的。只有inexpensive可以和application搭配，说明申请简单，费用少。译文：一个相对廉价的（inexpensive）称之为“面码（Facecode）”的申请。第26题选C。

c. 从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑

逻辑推理和生活常识是命题人经常考虑的一个考点。例如：

第21题要求考生推断出：如果不使用密码，那么未来的电脑应该如何登录？上文信息词：just sit in front of our computers；再比较4个备选项的词义：automatically自动地；personally就个人而言；correctly正确地；occasionally偶尔地。此后，考生可能联想：会是自动登录吗？生活中有很多家用自动电器如洗衣机、电饭褒、电扇等。如果我们不必重新记密码岂不是很好吗？要是我们只是坐在电脑前就可以自动登录该多好呀？故第21题选A 。

d. 从惯用法和搭配的角度考虑

惯用法和搭配也是经常考到的一项内容。例如：

第29题考查考生对动词的掌握情况。根据下文主句内容和语境判断。习惯用法：fail to do sth.“不能够做某事，未做成某事”；习惯用法：stop to do sth.“停下来（正在做的事情）开始做（另外的一件事情）”。译文：如果这个系统不能够识别你的面孔，你可以通过使用热键组合来召回（recall）你的Windows用户名和密码。故第29题选C。

二、语法填空应测试的能力

高考英语语法填空主要考查虚词。2007广东高考英语语法填空：

[主旨]这是一篇故事。作者讲述自己驱车在赶往the Taiyetos Mountains的半路上，在一个穷乡僻壤的山村附近，汽车却意外得出了毛病，适值太阳正要落山，正在进退两难之际，作者被一群乐于助人而又好客的村民相救的难忘经历。

[考查内容]动词2个（一个是谓语动词的一般过去式，一个是过去分词）；引导词2个（who引导宾语从句，where引导定语从句）；介词2个（都是与动词构成的固定搭配）；不定冠词1个（表示泛指）；代词2个（一个是不定代词作定语，一个是人称代词作宾语）；副词1个（形容词派生出副词）。

2007广东高考英语语法填空考查内容明细表

[2007广东语法填空试题]

I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car   31(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to   32  should have the honor of receiving me  33  a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me   34   (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to  35  small town some 20 kilometres away   36  there was a garage.

I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.   37  villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked  38  (merry) till far into the night.

When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman   39  the trouble I had caused  40 .

下面是来自阅卷人的信息：

分析一：

从以上评分标准中可以看出，语法填空每空只填一个单词，并不是平时考试包括深一摸，深二摸，广一摸，广二摸里可以有填两个词或以上的形式。

分析二：

从答案形式来分析，原文提供三个词供考生变化（31题的break, 34题的settle, 38题的merry），两个须填理解句子成分的从句引导词（32题的who, 36题的where），两个需要理解上下文才能填的代词（37题的Other, 40题的her），两个接近于是固定搭配的介词（33题的as, 39题的for），关键在于理解句意。

分析三：

37题填where得1.5，填Other得1.0分。平时我们没有1.0分的说法，更不用说做法了。

分析四：

语法填空要求严格区分大小写，原因是有前后文，而听取信息是填表格，对大小写的区分相对不是很严格。

反思一：

如果说2007届高考老师们心里没底，主要是由于对考纲研究不够透彻，不够准确，从07高考英语样题中可以看出，每空只能添一个单词。因此，认真研究考纲样题，剖析考纲样题，把握考纲样题，是我们所有高中英语教师的是十分必要的。

反思二：

更重要的是，平时训练命题，选材，选资料可以更慎重，仔细看看是否符合新高考的命题细节标准。

注：单词拼写错误，大小写未区分不给分。

三、阅读理解应测试的能力

阅读理解旨在考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。

1. 理解主旨要义的能力

任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可以得出文章的主旨要义。从这个段落或句子，读者可以知道文章描述的是谁或什么即文章的主题，也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需要从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生的略读文章、领会大意的能力，有时候它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。

2. 理解文中具体细节信息的能力

一篇文章的主题和中心确定之后，还需要有大量的细节信息支持。这些细节对于理解全文的内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础，因而不容忽视。

3. 根据上下文猜测生词的词义的能力

正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。不懂得单词的含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但是，有时候英语单词的含义并非等同于词典上标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活多变的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

4. 做出简单判断和推理的能力

在实际阅读活动中，有时候需要根据文章提供的线索和事实，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事情发生的可能性。

5. 理解文章的基本结构的能力

英语文章讲究主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，主题句可能在某一段的开头、中间或结尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。段与段之间通常有词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全文的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心思想、文中某段的大意或指代关系的题目中。

6. 理解作者的意图和态度的能力

每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体的基础之上，去领会作者的眼外之意。

下面结合2007年广东高考阅读理解试题，具体分析对这些能力的考查：

A

How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.

I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. "The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound, it has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without it's permission, and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves. " Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.

However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.

Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?

41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks______.

A. can hardly keep the value of your savings

B. will cost much of your savings

C. may increase your wealth

D. needs your bravery

42. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to________.

   A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock

   B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth

   C. tell readers what clocks look like

   D. compare clocks to human beings

43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?

   A. Counting the beating of one's own heart.

   B. Making use of candles, sand and water.

   C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.

   D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.

44. The underlined phrase "stately homes"in paragraph 4 means________.

   A. state-owned houses

   B. houses in very good condition

   C. grand houses open to the public

   D. houses where statesmen meet regularly

45. The purpose of the passage is_______.

   A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks

   B. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks

   C. to compare different ways to make a future profit

   D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time

[导读] 这是一篇叙议结合的散文。人们在通货膨胀的今天应该怎样投资一笔钱呢？存在银行里，这笔钱几乎不能够保值，无论存款利息多么高。只有勇敢的人或是富有者才敢于在股票市场买卖。今天保护你的储蓄甚至增加你的财富最好方法之一似乎是购买过去遗传下来的漂亮的物品。因此，作者顺理成章地提出一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告，奉劝人们投资收藏古董闹钟以便将来盈利。

Key: 41. C   42. A   43. D   44. C   45. B

41. C。细节事实理解题。收集闹钟可以增加你的财富。根据第1段的句子：Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. 今天保护你的储蓄甚至增加你的财富最好方法之一似乎是购买过去的漂亮的物品。这里我打算提供一些关于收集古董闹钟的忠告，我个人认为它们是最令人感兴趣的古董之一。再看最后一段最后一句：After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?别忘了，如果你打算受时间制约，请投资收藏古董闹钟以便将来盈利吧？

42. A。深层含义理解题。作者引用外星人的话，目的是为了说明人类被闹钟所控制。根据第2段的引文意思：有时候我想知道一个外星人关于我们的生活方式可能会反馈回去的报告内容是什么。“地球这个行星被神秘的动物控制，这种动物坐在或站在一个房间里并发出一种奇怪的滴答声，它有一张脸，脸上有12个黑色的标记，还有两只手。如果没有它的命令人们什么事情也不做，并且它把它那年轻的圆圆的人们的手腕系得紧紧地，这样，无论人们走到那里，都处于它的控制之下。这个动物是地球的真正的主人，人是它的奴隶。”

43. D。细节判断题。A项与第2段的下列句子吻合：Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.; B项与第3段的下列句子吻合：They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks；C项与第3段的下列句子吻合：They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun.；D项的含义是：“让奴隶日夜忙碌”，这与第2段的下列句子不一致：... but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time.但是人们相信许多年之前国王们畜养了专用的奴隶来辨别时间。

44. C。词义猜测题。state-owned houses国有的房子；houses in very good condition状况良好的房子；grand houses open to the public对公众开放的宏伟的房子；houses where statesmen meet regularly政治家们经常集会的房子。根据第4段的信息词student, visiting palaces和museums判断，认真研究古董的学生应该尽可能多花时间参观宫殿、宏伟的房子和博物馆，可以看见一些过去遗传下来的最精致的闹钟的珍品。

45. B。写作意图题。作者的写作目的是为了提出一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告。见第1段句子：Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. 这里我打算提供一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告，我个人认为它们是最令人感兴趣的古董之一。

B

Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.

Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.

Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.

Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?

In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.

There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.

Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.

46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our       .

     A. self-respect

     B. financial rewards

     C. advertising ability

     D. friendly relationship

47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to       .

     A. lying

     B. stealing

     C. cheating

     D. advertising

48. The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" (in para. 5) means       .

     A. telling the truth to the clerk

     B. offering advice to the clerk

     C. asking the clerk to be more attentive

     D. reminding the clerk of the charged item

49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?

     A. We'll be very excited.

     B. We'll feel unfortunate.

     C. We'll have a sense of honor.

     D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.

50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

     A. How to Live Truthfully

     B. Importance of Peacefulness

     C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect

D. Happiness through Honorable Actions

[导读] 这是一篇说理、规劝性的议论文。本文的中心是：作者提倡通过高尚的行为获得幸福，规劝人们多行善事获得幸福，以形成一种美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想行为可以使你的生活具有一种和平感、幸福感、善良感和自尊感。过高尚行为的生活可以创造美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想导致高尚的行为。高尚的行为致使我们幸福的生存。当我们幸福的时候，我们容易产生高尚的思想和行为。虽然积极的循环难以开启，但是，一旦开启，就容易继续下去。坚持不断地做善事会给我们到来平静的心理，这样做对我们的幸福很重要。

Key: 46-50 ABACD

46. A。细节事实理解题。第5段第6-8句：In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.比较而言，把这个错误引起这个职员的注意导致几件事情发生。职员立刻知道我们是高尚的（honorable）。我们一离开商店，就感觉到是高尚的，并且我们的自尊在增加。

47. B。细节事实理解题。第5段第1-2句：In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. 在第一个案例中，我们不告诉那个职员，有几件事情会发生。在内心深处我们会知道我们自己就是小偷。

48. A。句子意思猜测题。第5段分两层意思。第1-5句是第一层意思：在第一个案例中，我们不告诉那个职员，有几件事情会发生。在内心深处我们会知道我们自己就是小偷。在这个过程中，我们的心理会失去平静，也失去自尊。我们也会证明我们不可以信赖，因为我们通过告诉家里的人和朋友的方式来忠告我们的耻辱。第5段第6-8句是第二层意思：比较而言，把这个错误引起这个职员的注意导致几件事情发生。职员立刻知道我们是高尚的（honorable）。我们一离开商店，就感觉到是高尚的，并且我们的自尊在增加。通过对比这两层意思，可以判断bringing the error to the clerk's attention意思是“实话告诉这个职员”。

49. C。细节事实理解题。第5段第7-8句：Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. 职员立刻知道我们是高尚的（honorable）。我们一离开商店，就感觉到是高尚的，并且我们的自尊在增加。

50. D。归纳标题。结合第1段和最后一段，并综合全文，我们可以得知：通过高尚的行为获得幸福。过高尚行为的生活可以创造美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想导致高尚的行为。高尚的行为致使我们幸福的生存。当我们幸福的时候，我们容易产生高尚的思想和行为。虽然积极的循环难以开启，但是，一旦开启，就容易继续下去。坚持不断地做善事会给我们到来平静的心理，这样做对我们的幸福很重要。

C

Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year ---- almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.        

Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.

For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.

51. According to paragraph I, many people don't seek care because       .

   A. they are too poor

   B. it is unusual to seek care

   C. they can remain unaffected for long

   D. there are too many people suffering from the disease

52. People suffering from malaria       .

   A. have to kill female mosquitoes

   B. have ability to defend parasites

   C. have their red blood cells infected

   D. have sudden fever, followed by chills

53. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

   A. Its resistance to global warming.

   B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.

   C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.

   D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.

54. It can be inferred from the passage that       .

   A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease

   B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

   C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

   D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

55. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

   A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

   B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?

   C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?

   D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?

[导读] 这是一篇介绍医学科普常识的说明文。本文主要介绍疟疾病的起因、传播、危害与治疗。疟疾（Malaria）是世界上传播最广泛的寄生虫引起的病，每年都要使三百万人致命——几乎全是5岁以下的孩子，并且是贫穷的非洲人。疟疾病本身有很多基因，对于各种新药物具有抵抗性，所以目前还没有找到根治疟疾病的最佳治疗方法和药物。

Keys: 51-55 ACDBD

51. A。细节事实理解题。见第1段第2-3句：... because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. (多年来，有5亿多病例由这种病引起的，虽然确切的数字难以估计，) 因为许多人不去寻求（或不可能）医疗护理。这种情况对于一个年收入不到200美元的家庭并非不同寻常，因为要治疗疟疾病，就花去年收入的四分之一，并且他们时常所得到的不再有效。

52. C。细节事实理解题。见第2段第3句：Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .疟疾寄生虫依靠吃他们感染的红血球生存。这说明疟疾病患者的红血球受到感染。

53. D。细节事实理解题。这种疾病之所以广泛传播是因为它有一种自我防御和抵抗新药物的能力。见第2段倒数第3句：Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.。

54. B。推理判断题。根据第3段倒数第2句：Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. 一些成功的可供选择的化学药品在阻止疟疾的这种抵抗力方面已经出现效用，但是这些可供选择的化学药品非常短缺，并且昂贵，因此大多数人不容易得到可供选择的治疗。

55. D。细节事实理解题。A项见第2段第1句：Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches；B项见第1段第1句：... kills as many as three million people every year almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African.；C项见第2段第3句：Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.；又见第1段第2句：... because many people don't (or can't) seek care.；D项没有提到。

四、信息匹配应测试的能力

该题主要考查考生的快速阅读能力、迅速扑捉信息的能力、相关信息的匹配能力。

第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

以下是广告信息：

A

B

C

D

E

F

以下是与广告相关的读者来信。请匹配来信与它们所对应的广告。

56.                                                                                                                                        Mayl5，2006

 Gentleman，

         The enclosed advertisement for your organization comes from the April issue of Cosmopolitan. I am interested in doing volunteer work for abused children and would like to have your information booklet. My address is as follows:

                                 6 Villa Maurice,

                                 92160 Antony France

 Yours truly,

 D Gruber

57.                                                                                                                                       January 15, 2006

 Dear Sir or Madam,

        I am interested in writing adventure stories for children. Please send information on the course you offer to the following address:

                               5481 Torrance Blvd,

                               Torrance, CA 90503

 Yours faithfully,

 Irene Ponbs (Ms.)

58.                                                                                                                                    April 14, 2006

 Dear Sir or Madam,

       I am interested in finding a part-time job in the morning．Please send information to the following address：

                                  2955 Pacific Coast Highway.

                                  Torrance, CA 90505

Sincerely,

M. E. Nielson (Mr.)

59.

1068 Baxter Road,

Loveland, Ohio 45140

March 13, 2006

Dear Sir or Madam,

Please send me your catalog and information on the service you offer. I have a small business and have been robbed several times.

Yours truly,

J. Barnes

60.

Am Frankenheim 21,

5000 Koln 40 Germany

June 1, 2006

Dear Sir,

I would like to receive the list mentioned in your recent advertisement, as well as more information about L.A. Parent, I enclose a self-addressed envelope.

Yours faithfully,

H. Wolf

Keys: 56. E   57. B   58. D   59. C   60. A

五、写作

写作是四项语言技能（听、说、读、写）中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。考试说明一切考生能够写简单的私人信函、日记、通知和便条等，体现写作微技能。

1. 基础写作应测试的能力

a. 写出他人容易读懂的文章

一切写作格式正确、言之有物，使自己日后或其他人读后能够理解，并且获得希望传输的信息。

b. 语法、词汇、拼写、标点比较准确

   语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确度是写作评分标准中的一项重要内容，拼写和标点符号运用的正确与否也会在一定程度上影响到考生的成绩。

c. 使用一定的句型、词组，清楚表达自己的思想

任何文章都有自己的主题，作者应该围绕主题，借助一些句型、词组等来清楚地表达自己的思想。

d. 基础写作主要考查在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。

基础写作考查目的：

考查考生的语言结构的应用能力，即能够用正确、规范的语言表达【写作内容】所限定的5项内容。

2007年广东高考基础写作题：

第一节　基础写作（共1小题，満分15分）

上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2600名学生中进行了一次调查（survey）。以下是调查数据：

［写作内容］

根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：

1）调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

2）男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；

3）“父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异；

4）男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；

5）你的偶像及理由。

［写作要求］

1）只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；

2）文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

［评分标准］

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

[命题思想]

考生在表达以上五项内容时能够：

使用比较句型结构，比如more(less)..., the same as等

表达对比、因果关系，比如while, because等

使用过渡词语，比如however, on the other hand，in conclusion等

评分细则：

1）按照评分标准，实行分析法评分：按语言、内容和连贯三项标准分项给分；

2）语言方面，重点评判句子的语法结构是否正确、用词是否规范；考生是否使用了合适的语言结构。如果考生只是简单地罗列百分比，在语言方面应酌情扣分；

3）内容方面，重点评判考生是否表达全部规定的5项内容；如果考生表达完整的5项内容时，适当添加一些内容，不扣分；

4）连贯方面，重点评判5个句子是否构成一篇完整的短文；是否合理使用了过渡词语。

评分标准：

具体的评分标准和深圳市一摸、二摸相同，在此不再赘述。概括起来就是：

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

下面是来自2007年高考英语阅卷人的信息：

实际操作：

采用综合分析法评分，整篇文章只给一个分，把握了三个尺度：

1）全部“写作内容”都已表达出来，但没有一个句子的语法结构和句型结构是对的，即分不清楚主谓宾语，分不清楚用了什么时态的，最多5分。

2）全部“写作内容”都已表达出来，语法结构和句型结构大体是对的，即基本分得清楚主谓宾语，还有可能有两句话是对的，可以及格，即9分。

3）全部“写作内容”都已表达出来，语法结构和句型结构基本上是全对，但用了类似于There are 50% girls regard TV stars as their idols. 或Both boys and g