形容词用于修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词，又可修饰形容词和其他副词，甚至整个句子。
形容词和副词级的变化。大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。
一、一般构成规律
|
词的特征 |
变化 |
例词 |
|
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
一般单音节词 |
直接加-er, -est |
strong
high |
stronger
higher |
strongest
highest |
|
以e结尾的词 |
加-r, -st |
wide
nice |
wider
nicer |
widest
nicest |
|
以单个辅音字母（非r）结尾的单音节词 |
双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est |
fat
thin |
fatter
thinner |
fattest
thinnest |
|
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词 |
变y为i，再加-er,-est |
heavy
happy |
heavier
happier |
heaviest
happiest |
|
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词 |
直接加-er; -est |
clever
narrow |
cleverer
narrower |
cleverest
narrowest |
|
多数双音节词多音节词和源于分词的形容词 |
在原级前加more, most |
stupid
difficult
tired |
more stupid
more difficult
more tired |
most stupid
most difficult
most tired |
二、常见的不规则变化
|
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
|
good well |
better |
best |
|
bad badly ill |
worse |
worst |
|
many much |
more |
most |
|
little |
less |
least |
|
far |
farther
further |
farthest
furthest |
|
old |
older
elder |
oldest
eldest |
|
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